فصلنامه خانواده و پژوهش
سال نهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1391)

This article studies the role of family structural changes on student's sociability. Demographic transition theory, the factor of family structural changes, has been used as theoretical framework of research. The data of survey value world and population bureau of United Nations for 50 countries have been used for empirical test of research hypothesis.
The results showed that family structure is different in countries according to demographic transition stages and therefore student's sociability manner is different. The results of cluster analyze about students sociability show that countries which have not passed the first demographic transition such as Mali, Burkina Faso, Zambia, Ethiopia, Iraq and India give more importance to religious faith and obedience traits for student's sociability. They too have given less importance to sense of duty, independence and determination perseverance traits for student's sociability. Countries which have passed demographic transition sooner than others such as Sweden, Japan, France, Netherlands, Finland, South Korea, and Slovenia and… have given much importance to sense of duty, independence and determination perseverance traits for student's sociability. They too have given less importance to religious faith and obedience traits for children sociability. In Iran, parents have focused on independence and religious faith traits for student's sociability and they have less focused on sense of duty, obedience and determination perseverance traits.

In late modern society, the concept of consumption which is located in the area of ​​human needs, is not only an economic process, but also is cultural and social process. This paper intends to focus on relevant theories of cultural consumption (Baudrillard,Sklair, etc.) and display (Bourdieu, Veblen, etc.) to investigate the phenomenon of consumption, especially the consumption of foreign goods in Sanandajand determinants of it.
This paper is a survey study by control of terms, is a broaden study by extended and is a cutting study by time (in the second half of 1389). The population is the entire person that has Students in Sanandaj city. The sample size based on Cochran formula is 400. The questionnaires with suitable structures validity (based on Cronbach’s coefficient of Alfa) in the ratio of age, sex in deferent areas have been distributed.
There are many research The mead of tendency to consumption of foreign goods in Sanandaj city was in Middle. Results show that there are meaningful relations between Family competitions, Differentiation and emphasize on the distinction, the performance of domestic producers, advertising media and economic status - social and tendency of students to foreign goods.

At current study, Mobile Phone Addiction among High School students in Kashan with Survey Method were studied. Dependent variables of the research were categorized by Type and Rate of Mobile Using. By using Cochran formula, 300 students were selected as research sample. This study shows that: 1. There is no relationship between student’s study course, socio-economic status, mobile rolesandfunctions and inclination to general and particular using of mobile; 2. Results show that: With increasing age, course study, degree and backgroundofmobileusing, General usingof mobile were increased and Particular using of mobile were decreased; 3. With Limitation of Social Spheres, increases using of mobile; 4. It is relationship between Mobile Addiction and MobileApplications and Using Kind; 5. With increasing Identity Motivations for users, the time of mobile using were increased. Multivariate Analysis shows that, among six variables that have meaningful relationship with Dependent Variable (Mobile Addiction), five variables, Limitation of Social Relationships, Motivations of Mobile Using, Background of Mobile Using, Study Course and Age, have direct impact on Dependent Variable.

Social anxiety is characterized by a marked and persistent fear of social and performance situations in which the person is exposed to unfamiliar people or to possible scrutiny by others. Social anxiety is threatening for normal interactions with others and barrier of positive and healthy social experiences.In hence, the aim of present study is investigating relationship of self-assertion and self-efficacy with social anxiety.The method of this study was survey. Data were gathered using social anxiety questionnaire, self-assertion questionnaire,and self-efficacy questionnaire.The statistical population consisted of all the high school students in Kashan city in years 2012-2013.420 students were selected by cluster sampling method.Results showed significant relationship of self-assertion and self-efficacy with social anxiety.

Religion is an important social institution in every society and has many psycho-social functions especially in social reproducing of a social system. In sociology, religion often observes as a religiosity.
The history and background of Yazd city as a house of prayers(Dar- Al-ebadeh) with culture of deep hell (Ghanat), praying (Ghonoot) and frugality (Ghanaat) expects high religiosity reproduction in this city, but it seems the extensions of Pseudo-modernism decreases this Phenomenon.
The family as a social institution effects the religiosity reproduction and in this research we study the relationship between to variables. The research method was survey and the technique of data collection was questionnaire with suitable validity and reliability.
The results showed that, the relationship between family order and religiosity reproduction is meaningful and the family order explains the 33 percent of changes of religiosity reproduction.

School textbooks as written documents are the center of education in centralized educational systems. The educational practices and experiences are organized based on the textbooks. As a result, the best designs, and content elements need to be employed in the writing and compilation of the textbooks. School is a mechanism by which children are introduced into the political life. Political orientations which are taught during the early schooling have important impact on people political behavior. Although school is known as the most important means for political socialization, not much research has been done in Iran about the various elements of schooling including the textbooks. The main aim of the present paper is to employ the content analysis to investigate the content of elementary textbooks in terms of frequency and salience of national identity. In doing so, the comparisons were made among different components of national identity in terms of frequency and importance coefficients. The findings revealed that among all literature textbooks at elementary level, geography has least importance coefficient while cultural heritage enjoys the highest level of importance coefficient.

In recent decades the role of family, school, and reference groups has been paid heed by scholars and men of letters in humanities because of the importance of the Socio-cultural needs especially the teenagers and the young. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to identify the most important socio-cultural needs and the role of reference groups in prioritizing such needs among students. This study employs a social survey and applies questionnaires to collect data. To determine coefficient of internal coherence, items related to various socio-cultural needs indices were calculated by Cronbachsalpha according to which alpha value for all indices exceeded 70% representing the high reliability of measurement indices. The population consisted all male and female high school students in Kashan, in 1391-1392. 405 students were randomly selected and surveyed as the study sample using Cochran sampling formula. Research results indicated the significant role of teachers in prioritizing socio-cultural needs of students. Secondly, classmate friends and family members were found to play a key role on this interface.

This research done about effective element on educational duce in high school Ark city. That proceeds to element of individual, inside structure and outside structure (family, economic and social factor).that population inclusive output first student in Arak city (region 2).the number of population is 907 person and sample size is 244 person.The method of research is survey and the sampling is probable and simple random. The results of statistical method are: Efficient teacher, have the most sideway effect and second effective element in total. The family tendency, the rate of book, newspaper, and journal studies family makes near relation family. Which originate motive study in student. In addition, individual and personality trait in student is effective element in growth and duce educational persons. As, the method of true study effecting on self–esteem, then directed in study and motive study.Again directed in study and method of true study effective directly on motive study.with growth motive study ,increase total average and decrease educational duce.

Nowadays, life-modeling and modeling styles as a key element for self-identification among the young has been paid considerable attention by scholars and experts in humanities. Accordingly, various types of self-identification modeling including conventional, modern, and unspecified modeling styles are identified. The present study aims to identify the status of different styles of self-identification modeling among the students and the role of parents’ education in modeling styles among high school students in the population under study.
This study is a social survey and employs questionnaires for data collection. The results of Cronbachsalpha corroborate reliability and validity of conventional, modern, and unspecified sampling styles measuring scales .69, .85, a=.75, respectively.
The population consists of all Aran&Bidgol high school students in 1391-1392. 384 students were randomly selected as the study sample applying Cochran sampling formula. The findings of this study demonstrated 2.74, 2.15, 2.01 as means for different conventional, modern, and unspecified sampling styles on a virtual basis of 2.5 representing conventional sampling styles domination.
Moreover, the analysis of the findings using F-test (F-test=2.120) with a significance level of 95% reveals a difference in modern sampling style based on the educational status of students’ mothers using F-test.